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How the Crowd SAFE works
The companies that raise on Republic set the terms for their agreement with investors.
What is the Crowd SAFE?
A Simple Agreement for Future Equity
A Crowd SAFE is an investment contract between investors and companies looking to raise capital. Individuals make investments for the chance to earn a return—in the form of equity in the company or a cash payout—if the company is acquired, goes public, or sells all of its assets.
The Crowd SAFE was
created by Republic
and is an adapted version of the
SAFE,
a financial instrument created by Y Combinator and widely used by angels & VCs investing in
startups. It’s designed specifically to work for investment campaigns accepting hundreds or
even thousands of investors, and it's now used by several industry players in various forms.
How does it work?
Investors using the Crowd SAFE get a financial stake in the company, but are not immediately holders of equity. Investments are converted to equity if certain “trigger events” occur, such as the company’s acquisition or IPO.
Risk note: Trigger events are not guaranteed. Investors should see them only as possibilities.
How much can I earn?
Your return depends on your investment amount, the company’s exit valuation (how much the company is worth if and when a trigger event happens), and the terms of the Crowd SAFE. Investors invest pre-money meaning that their stake is affected by future financings and events only.
Risk note: If a trigger event does not happen, you may never get a return on your investment.
Terms of the Crowd SAFE
Each company can customize its Crowd SAFE. Most companies include a valuation cap and a discount. If the Crowd SAFE includes both a valuation cap and a discount, the provision more favorable to the investor applies if there is ever a trigger event.
Valuation cap
The valuation cap specifies the maximum valuation at which the investment converts into equity or shadow shares. This means that investors, when a trigger event occurs, receive equity shares at the valuation cap price—even if the valuation at which the company sells is higher. The higher the valuation of the company at the time of sale, the greater the investor’s return. Investors can also request their cash back if they believe this represents a better return on investment.
Discount
If a trigger event occurs, the discount provision gives investors equity shares at a reduced price relative to what others pay at IPO or acquisition. If the Crowd SAFE is converted during an equity financing, the discount will allow investors to receive shadow shares at a discounted price compared to what new investors paid.
Nominee Lead
A nominee lead is appointed to direct the Nominee on certain matters like voting, amendments and conversions affecting the security.
Learn more about what a nominee is and how it impacts your investment ▸
FAQ
Investors can earn a return if a trigger event occurs at a certain price threshold. Although trigger events sometimes happen earlier, many don’t occur for 4-6 years after the initial investment, and some may take even longer.
Risk note: Startup investing is risky, so there’s no guarantee of a return on this kind of investment.
In general, you can only sell a Crowd SAFE after one year from the purchase date and only if you find a buyer, which might not be easy to do.
Republic plans to work towards providing additional secondary market liquidity of Crowd SAFEs and other securities in the future.
In the event of future equity financing rounds, the company may choose to either “roll-over” Crowd SAFE holders and continue the terms of the Crowd SAFE, or convert the investment into shadow shares. If converted into shadow shares, the Crowd SAFE will secure the financial terms of that financing round to ensure Crowd SAFE investors receive the same benefit if there is an eventual exit event.
Shadow shares are shares that mirror the type of security issued in the subsequent financing, only they don’t grant investors voting or information rights. Companies may choose to convert Crowd SAFE investments to shadow shares at a subsequent equity financing round.
What is a nominee?
As companies grow and change over time, they sometimes need investors to make decisions about their investments or about the future of the company. A nominee is an agent that has the right to act on behalf of investors—rather than having companies collect decisions individually from thousands of Republic investors. Republic’s nominee process has specific contractual rights, including voting, which follow a predetermined company appointee’s instruction. This also includes the ability to agree to convert investments into custodial accounts on behalf of investors. Learn more about custodial accounts here.
For offerings using a nominee through Republic, Republic Investment Services LLC (f/k/a/NextSeed Services, LLC), a subsidiary of OpenDeal Inc. dba Republic is the nominee. A nominee rider is attached to each company’s Crowd SAFE or relevant security instrument.
Note: The nominee is typically only used in Regulation Crowdfunding Offerings.
What does this mean for investors?
Generally, you won’t need to read, interpret, or sign complicated legal documents on short notice. This structure also makes it easier for companies to take in more investment from institutional investors to continue growing the company (and your investment).
In more detail, this nominee structure simplifies the process of approving voting decisions for both the company and for you, the investor. When a Crowd SAFE is converted into equity (or shares)—or is affected by a change of control or liquidity event—the nominee handles certain paperwork to make the transaction as smooth and quick as possible for the issuer. The investor is the legal and “beneficial owner” of the security, while the nominee has “the franchise” over the security and can agree to convert or change the title of the security. The nominee is not a fiduciary and will look to a pre-disclosed third party (the company’s CEO, its board, a lead investor, or some other party known to all investors) for direction on matters of voting and economic decisions affecting the securities it is the nominee for.
Risk note: if no exit occurs, you may never get a return on your investment. If no subsequent equity financing or trigger event occurs, the Crowd SAFE will not convert and will produce no return for the investor, which may lead to a loss of invested principal.
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